It doesn’t have to be a tedious task. There are ways to make the process easier and get your child moving in the right direction. Here is a list of suggestions and things to look for to help you and your autistic child while potty training.

1. Don’t start potty training too early. You have to ensure the child is ready to start. Make sure they know the difference between a wet and a clean diaper. If they don’t understand this important difference, it might be too early to start potty training. Try explaining what a wet diaper is and see if your child can recognize it.

2. Being able to dress themselves is an important aspect. If your autistic child doesn’t know how to take his or her clothes off, potty training is going to be difficult through their clothing. Their motor skills might not be ready yet to start the process. Wait to potty train a child until they can dress themselves, which means being able to pull their pants on and off. This is going to make the process much easier.

3. Potty training doesn’t need to feel like a job for you or your autistic child. Create a reward program. Every time the child goes to the potty offer them something they are going to enjoy. Perhaps a favorite treat or a toy. Anyone else involved in the process should be made aware of the reward system. At the same time, don’t punish your child for an accident. This isn’t going to help the process and will only confuse your child. It’s not good to send mixed signals.

4. Learning your child’s schedule will be helpful. If you are keeping your child on a certain schedule throughout the day, they normally get their diaper changed at the same time. When this happens, sit your child down on the potty and have them go to the bathroom about the same time everyday. Schedules and routines are important to many children with autism. Having a potty schedule could help them in the process.

5. Be patient. This sounds a lot easier than it is, but patience is very important. Your child, and this goes for any child, may not get the hang of it right away. Don’t show frustration and don’t get angry because this might cause the child to regress in potty training.

6. Be consistent. Don’t keep switching from the potty to diapers. This will confuse your child and make it difficult to potty train.

7. Don’t stress out the child by forcing them on to the potty. You want them to get familiar with it for a few days. Keep it in the open where they can see it. By seeing it more often, they will get comfortable with the idea of it.

To reiterate, the single most important factor is patience. All of the other tips go with mom or dad being patient. It might take a few weeks for an autistic child to learn something new. If that’s the case, just stay positive and work with the child as best as you can.

For the second or third baby shower, a restaurant with a private room, bar or church / temple are great places to host the baby showers. Cost is an important consideration since someone will have to pay for the baby shower costs. The weather time of day and are also important considerations when deciding where the baby showers should be held.

You should ensure that the baby shower location is large enough to accommodate your guest list. Regardless of whether you host the baby shower, http://www.cards-411.com/display.php?page_name=All_About_Baby_Showers at a home, restaurant, hotel or rented space, make sure everything is planned and it will be an excellent shower! Hosting the baby shower at home will save a considerable amount of your budget. However, you will still need to spend money on plates, cups, napkins, eating utensils and possibly table rentals.

If the baby shower will be at a restaurant, you should start looking for locations early. You should visit potential locations to make sure it will accommodate your party, works with your baby shower theme and serves food that the Mommy-to-Be and your guests will enjoy. You should ensure that the location you choose will match your baby shower theme and will allow you to decorate for that theme.

Baby Shower Party at Home – The most popular place to have baby showers is in someone’s home since homes are warm and cozy, and usually you don’t have to worry about making too much noise. But, homes are often too small for a large number of guests. One of the first things decisions when planning baby showers is how many people the home can comfortably accommodate. The furniture should be moved so the baby shower guests can sit in an arrangement that will allow for pleasant conversation.

There are many types of baby showers for the home you can plan. Home baby showers are likely to be attended by guests of all ages, so you will want to keep the baby shower party fun for everyone. Some baby shower ideas that may be fun for younger guests might not be appropriate for older ones. A cute home baby shower favor idea is to make cookies, frost them with the Mom’s name, wrap them and put them next to a cute baking favor like the baby shower rolling pin recipe card holder. You could even put a recipe for the cookies behind the recipe card that’s included with the baby shower favor!

Baby Shower Party at Restaurant – A restaurant or banquet hall provides lots of space baby showers in an elegant atmosphere. The restaurant does the food preparation, clean up and other tasks, so your work is minimized. The biggest challenge to having the baby shower at a restaurant is to make the guests feel welcome and to create a comfortable atmosphere for conversation and sharing.

You should select a restaurant convenient to most of your guests and Mommy-to-Be. Plan the baby shower far enough in advance so that you can make the reservations. It will be difficult at that time to estimate the number of guests attending the baby shower, but you can check with many guests before mailing the baby shower invitations, so that you can give the restaurant your best guess. Always try the food yourself, BEFORE selecting the menu for the baby shower.

You should be aware of your guests’ dietary needs, and you might want to share the menu in advance or ask if anyone has any special dietary restrictions. Arrange for the restaurant has an alternative available if a guest can’t eat the foods that have been chosen. If any guest rejects the meal, the server should be instructed to ask the guest if she would prefer an alternative. Always check with the restaurant beforehand if you are bringing your own cake.

If you are hosting a large group for the baby shower, you might consider using baby shower place cards. It is also a nice little extra to have name tags for each guest indicating their relationship to the Mommy-to-Be, and don’t forget a name tag for the guest of honor. Baby shower decorations add a warm touch, but keep them simple. A cluster of helium baby shower balloons and a baby shower banner over the gift table add a festive touch. Don’t forget to give the guests a cute baby shower favor.

Baby shower games are sometimes not appropriate at a restaurant, but if the restaurant is casual and you have a private area, a simple baby shower game might be considered. Be mindful of your allotted time at the restaurant so that all of the baby shower gifts can be opened comfortably without being rushed. As the guests leave, it’s an added feature to have someone photograph the Mommy-to-Be with each departing baby shower guest. Have duplicate prints made and let the Mommy-to-Be include one in each of her baby shower thank you cards. It’s a thoughtful baby shower gift for both the guest and Mommy-to-Be.

Baby Shower Party at the Office or Work – When planning baby showers, one of the first decisions to be made is where to have the party. If it will be held at work, check with the human resources department to be certain there will be no conflict and verify that an appropriate area will be available. Deciding whom to send office baby shower invitations to might be difficult in a large business, because some people may feel left out. Ask the Mommy-to-Be for advice and suggestions.

One person should act as the host or hostess and delegate other tasks. The immediate co-workers normally pay the direct costs for the baby shower. Baby shower decorations and baby shower party supplies should be easily disposable. A cluster of baby shower balloons and a personalized baby shower banner would be appropriate. You should decide in advance if lunch will be part of the program or only desert. You will need to decide on something easy like pizza, while some office baby shower parties decide to make it a potluck.

An office baby shower party usually allows very little time for baby shower games, but the lottery style scratch off game cards are perfect for these type of baby showers. Ask each person to write down her suggestions for keeping the new baby happy. These suggestions can be funny or serious, and should be read just before the Mommy-to-Be opens the baby shower gifts. Ask someone to take pictures and get doubles printed so the Mommy-to-Be can have one set and the others can be posted and shared with all.

If the baby shower party is being held during working hours, time could be a factor. The hostess should keep everyone and the baby shower on schedule. A clean up committee should be appointed in advance and should be responsible for returning the room to its original appearance. Have fun, but remember, it is still an office environment. And, above all, don’t forget to send personalized baby shower thank you cards.

You can view lot of printable Baby Shower Announcements, Baby Shower Invitations and Baby Shower Cards, add your personal message, along with your favorite fonts, ink color and then Preview your personalized baby card. This process allows you to see your baby card before you buy!

If you are a parent who identifies with these parent and teen situations, the best way to react is to be objective and look within yourself first. In the first place, is some particular trait in you triggering a violent response from your child? Do you truly empathize with the problems of your child? Do you even know what problems your child encounters on a daily basis or are you relatively alienated from the life that your child leads? If you are ignorant of your child’s daily activities, have you made any serious effort to rectify the situation or have you just shrugged it off and decided to think about it later?

When answering these questions, honesty is essential. By being truthful, you might find the solutions to these problems within yourself and won’t need to take any professional help to reach a state of understanding and mutual respect with your teenage child. Parents need to realize that during the adolescent years, the teenage child is grappling with the world her or she lives in. She is neither completely an adult nor is she a child and a perfect balance is very difficult to attain. This is an age when the child has to deal with so many different issues and that too, on her own. Some amount of anger and rebellion in the parent-teen equation is only natural and should not surprise or disappoint you as a parent. There are certain things that you can do, however, that will lessen the trauma and create a better rapport with your teen.

First on this list is being a good listener. How many times do we get angry when others do not listen to us? Why, then, do we become inattentive when our child is narrating something that is apparently important to him/her? Is it because we think that we can get away with it or is it because we consider their issues too trivial for serious consideration? What you as a parent need to realize about your children is that their life and their problems are very overwhelming to them. Adult or not, you need to accord them the dignity of being a rational human being and treat them in a respectful manner. There are lots of parents who have unimaginably busy schedules which make it difficult for them to talk to their teenage children daily and find out what is going on in their lives. For such parents, delegating quality talk-time on weekends to their children will go a long way in establishing a great parent and teen sensibility.

The next thing that you need to remember is not to be emotionally affected when your teen hurls a scathing comment at you. If you react in a similar manner and become abusive, you will lose the trust of your child forever. This does not mean that you become a punching bag and take whatever comes your way. You just need to be firm and cool when your child is being particularly insulting and state that such behavior will not be tolerated in your vocabulary of the parent-teen relationship. As for your personal feelings, you need to understand that what makes your children so audacious is their certainty of your support, no matter what they say.

There are a large majority of parents who do not make their kids feel secure. They are over-critical and judgmental about their children. This can lead to terrible consequences with the teenage child. Not only is there a serious possibility of your teenage child being rebellious and moody, he may start rejecting every idea that you put forth. Teenage children need large doses of encouragement and approval from their parents for their personal growth and you need to be aware of this when interacting with them.

You also need to introspect and analyze your ways of expressing your anger or frustration. Do you lose control and give vent to excessive language or gestures when you are angry or hurt? Perhaps your teenager has observed these traits in you and unconsciously internalized them. If this is the case, then it is time to acknowledge the fact and try to bring about a change in yourself before you try and correct your susceptible teenager. This can also be a wonderful method to establish great comfort levels in the parent and teen relationship.

However, you also need to understand that certain situations rightly provoke anger in your teenage child. Rather than indulging in the blame game at this juncture, you should talk to your child and discuss the other alternatives that could have helped to cope with the situation better. This kind of discussion will help your child probe the choices that were available to him or her and deal with similar situations in a more matured manner. It will also help to cement the parent-teen tie and cause your child to look upon you as a benign guide who is always ready to stand by him or her.

Another sensible move on your part would be to assign your teenager with responsibilities and give them more control over their lives. Having the power to take personal decisions is extremely valuable to the teenage child and most of them will use it wisely since they do not want their parents to be disappointed in them. Of course, if you have serious reason to mistrust your child, this is a step that you have to re-consider. In most cases, though, the teenage child will appreciate your treatment and trust and behave in a manner that will make you proud as a parent.

These are some small steps that can transform the relationship between parents and teens into something that is incredibly precious and beautiful. What you ultimately need to remember is that thoughtful parenting during the teenage years will go a long way in developing great adults who will always look upon parents as their friends.

The sleep patterns of an infant varies with each child. The first three or four weeks, outside the womb, your infant will have intervals of long times of sleep and short. Your infant hasn’t made the distiction between night and day so he or she will wake in the night just the same as the day; only to wake to nurse and take care of hunger pains.

As your infant grows, you will notice, he or she will sleep less and stay awake longer. The periods of sleep will increase in length. Your child will be learning the difference between night and day as well.

This tendency to rest during his or her early days of life must not be disrupted; however, as your infant grows it is important to develope the practice of regular sleep schedules. Thus, encouraging good sleep habits during the night. In the young years, your child should nap for about two hours, give or take, during the day to regenerate their system. If the nap is taken later than dinner it could result in a bad nights sleep.

Do to your infants size, he or she will have a difficult time generating and amintaining his or her own body heat. Sometimes it is recommended the infant sleep with the parents. However, if your infant experiences disturbed and restless nights it is best to have him or her sleep in their own bed. Sometimes placed in the care of a nanny or relative staying with you, to be brought to you to nurse.

Taking these steps will help your infant get a good nights sleep, also this will ensure you get enough rest to preserve your health. In which case, if you lack in sleep, you could suffer from deragement, stress and tension, concluding your infant could also suffer from the affect such unstable health would put upon your milk.

At the age of one month to six weeks your child, if healthy, can sleep in a cradle or cot. Take care to dress your infant according to the temerature. The room should be around 60 degrees, position to cradle or cot so it is not exposed to cold currents of air. Sufficent blankets should be used to help maintain your babies body temperature. Until your child has developed the ability to produce and maintain his or her beat.

During sleep the the body slows, therefore he or she can become more susceptible to colds and viruses that can be injurious to your child. It is common for infants to develope inflammation of inner organs when exposed to drastic temperature changes. Not always will the true cause be connected to the illness.

However, great care should be taken. First, not to cover your infant with too many clostes or blankets that can inevitabily crowd your infants face. Your object is to provide your infant with plenty of warm pure air with nothing, such as blankets, to block access to your infants nose and mouth. Your goal is to provide the best atmosphere, of the whole room, should be kept warm and allow for free breathing. Taking extra care in the winter for good temperature control.

Some recommend your infant sleep on a feather bed until he or she is two years old. At the six month tombstone the pillow should be changed to horsehair. This is the time he or she begins teething and it is recommended to keep your infants head cool due to fever from teething.

During childhood
—————-

At age three or four, your child should be encouraged to rest for about an hour beforedinner, after this period you can slowly discontinue the rest period. Keep in mind, that from infancy, all throughout childhood your child needs more sleep then at the adult age. Keeping your child on a regular sleep schedule, will ensure basically healthy life style.

There is no defined rule as to the specific number of hours is required; each child requires a different amount of sleep. The regularity of the rest period is the chief point to tend to, permitting nothing to interfere and when your child recieves this undisturbed sleep, waking in the morning on his or her own accord, will he or she get sufficient rest.

What state of health your child’s body is in, determines the amount of sleep required to preserve, heal and care for their body. Infants will pass a larger part of their day sleeping. Infants and young children will spend twelve to fourteen hours sleeping in a day, this includes naps and all night. Schoolage children can average about ten hours, as a youth will average a third of twenty four hours sleephing. As we age we require as little as four hours and as many as six sleeping, sometimes a little more.

A selfish and cruel act on a mother or father’s part is to indulge in her or his pleasures at the risk of the child’s health. Surprisingly, this happens often in relation to the sleep habits of children. For example; if there is an evening party, some parents will choose to keep their child up long after their bedtime so the parents can show him or her off. With this kind of excitement and disrupted sleep, the child will be extremely tired the next day.

Once your child awakes for the morning, he or she shouldn’t be permitted to linger in bed. this is the good habit of rising early to enjoy the day, and stopping the many serious issues which could effect their health. This also promotes good mental and physical health, and encouraging good habits of sleep will be most productive to longevity.

You should refrain from waking your child, except for in an emergency, do to the effects caused. The brain gets excited, the heart begins to quicken; if disturbed sleep continues, serious consequences could occur. The course of sleep and wake should be gradual.

There are two styles of beddings to consider; feather beds and mattress supporting bedding. Some experts feel it is best for infants to sleep on feather beds; however, as they grow move your child to a mattress. The reason being as the infant will benefit from the feathers providing the warmth he or she cannot generate yet. The young child will generate too much heat and will cause a dchain reaction and weaken his or her system causing hour child to be more susceptible to colds and viruses.

A good practice to incorporate is to change your habit to making the bed as soon as you climb out of it. Instead, while bedding is still saturated withsweat and dead skin cells; remove the bed covers, hanging them over chair backs. Shake the mattress if possible and open windows breifly to allow fresh air into the room and proper ventilation.

It is also a good practice not to allow your child to sleep with someone in ill health or with someone advanced in years. If, and when, it is possible your chld should occupy his or her own sleep space. Always remember to keep your child’s health and well-being first.

Today, if the Mommy-to-Be intends on registering, she should do so about a month before the babyshower. This allows the host to send the registration information along with the baby shower invitations. Modern day baby showers are much different and not just for tea. Baby shower gifts range from practical to outlandish. You should check to see where the Mommy-to-Be is registered for gifts before deciding the type baby shower gift to give. Here’s some of the more popular baby shower gifts as well as some creative gifts to give the parents-to-be.

Clothing: Sleepers, receiving blanket, undershirts, diapers. socks and hats. make sure they are easy to change since too many buttons or snaps may be difficult for new parents to take on and off the baby. the Mommy-to-Be will need cute clothes to take the baby home from the hospital

Health & Grooming Products: Baby powder, lotion, baby wipes, desitin, q-tips, hydrogen peroxide (for the umbilical cord), baby safety pins, nail file, scissors, first aid kit, baby soaps and wash cloths, baby thermometer, diaper bag

Feeding: Bibs, bottles, bottle holders, baby formula, breast pump, nipples, bottle brush set, tipper cup, feeding spoon, baby burp towels, baby dishes and bathrobe

In the Bath Products: Towel with cute hood, wash cloths, baby lotion, shampoo, soap, baby brush and bath toys

In the Crib/Bassinet Items: Crib fitted sheets, comforter, bumper pads, mobile, crib trim, waterproof crib pads and blanket to swaddle the infant

For the Baby Room: Stuffed animals, cute pictures for the wall, gift certificate for a muralist to come out, dresser, changing table, cute initials of the baby on some type of ceramic item, picture frame, nursery lamp, furniture, boppy, bouncy seats and piggy bank

Toy Time: Teething toys, colorful play matt, black and white play matt, musical toys and plush / stuffed animals

Learning Time: Baby Bach Video, Baby Einstein CD’s, classical music CD’s, Disney movies, books for the parents, baby books, lamaze soft books and story books

For the Parents: Pamper the parents-to-be with a gift certificate to a spa, book store, record store, or a nice gift such as baby hand and foot imprinting plaster, Baby Bjorn or other baby carrier Coupons for babysitting

Here’s some helpful hints for planning your baby shower gifts for the Mommy-to-Be and the Daddy-to-Be:

More Expensive but Practical Gifts: Stroller, bassinet, baby dresser, baby changing table, baby car seat, baby car seat attachment, high chair, baby swing, bouncy seat, sound monitor, video monitor, potty chair, diaper genie (container), safety gate, baby scale, breast pump, rocking chair.

Unique Gifts: Grow chart, gift for siblings, gift certificate for baby pictures, U.S. Saving Bonds for the baby, silver spoon or rattle and baby proofing the house

Baby Shower Coupons: For those that want to give their time for their gift and don’t have much money, it is fun to be creative and make baby shower coupons for the parents such as ” 2- Hour Babysitting”, “Cook for the Mommy and Daddy two meals”, etc. The parents to be will really appreciate this baby shower coupon gift book, especially for first time parents who appreciate the help

Gift of Saving a Life: A thoughtful baby shower gift is a gift certificate for a private CPR class for the mommy and daddy to be and a few of their selected family and friends who may become future babysitters

Diapers, Diapers and More Diapers: A great gift that seems to always running out for the Mommy-to-Be is to have everyone bring a few packages of diapers. New mommies never have enough in the house so getting diapers is a perfect baby shower gift

Useful Laundry Basket Idea: Instead of spending the money on a gift bag that is likely to get thrown away, use laundry basket, line it with a baby blanket and put the gift inside and cover with tissue paper or another blanket. Then the basket can be used for the extra laundry that will be added or for toy storage

Floating Ducky: Take a silver mini washtub and fill it with water and float a rubber duck in each one. Tie balloons to one of the handles. It’s simple, but sweet. You can also place various baby shower related items next to the washtub, like shampoo, lotion and such

Laundry Basket Goods: Purchase a laundry basket, baby laundry detergent, you’re favorite prewash, stain remover, wipes to go, and some fabric softener and place in the basket. You can arrange all these small items with tissue paper in the laundry basket, which will serve as you’re gift basket

Baby Shower Baby Books: Have each baby shower guest bring a baby book for the new parents. Have each guest pre-write a sentiment or advice to the new parent’s on the first page of each book which is a great memento to cherish for the baby growing up and the parents

Baby Plant / Tree: Buy a small tree that can be planted outside of the parents-to-be home. Tie baby items to the branches. The parent’s to be can watch the tree and the baby grow at the same time. You can do the same thing with a small indoor plant

Fleece Baby Blanket: A fleece baby blanket is made by taking two pieces of fleece and putting them together, then cutting 3 in slits every 1 inch all the way around the blanket and tie knots to keep the pieces together. Then just roll the blanket up and tie it with a ribbon

Keepsake Box: Use a hatbox and add personal touches to the box by filling it in with onsies, clothes, pacifiers, bottles, wipes, diapers, etc. You can also include a pack of alphabet stickers so I could put the baby’s name and birth date, weight and height on the box with the stickers once he/she is born

You can view lot of printable Free Baby Shower Announcements, Baby Shower Invitations and Baby Shower Cards, add your personal message, along with your favorite fonts, ink color and then Preview your personalized baby card. This process allows you to see your baby card before you buy!

1. Change insurance and legal papers to reflect the new family member right away. This is one of the first steps that should be taken care of to ensure a healthy future for the new child. Babies need constant check ups, vaccinations and will get sick. You do not want any delay when it comes to taking care of the health of a child. Take care of all insurance related issues immediately. Try to get a hold of the child’s original birth certificate. This document will come in handy in the future.

2. You will need to get new documents for the child made up such as a social security number and a birth certificate. The social security number is needed because you cannot claim the child as a dependent on your taxes without one. Also, get an updated birth certificate to reflect the new family status.

3. Now, it is time to prepare the physical home for an adopted child. With any child, birth or adopted, a home has to be made child-safe. This requires going over a few simple things to ensure the safety of the child. All electrical outlets should have a cover over them. The cabinets under the kitchen sink, where all the cleaning supplies are kept, should be locked or the supplies moved to a place where the child cannot reach them. Make sure children cannot pull anything down from a shelf or a table. Also, rooms that could be potential hazards, such as libraries or offices with bookshelves should be kept off limits with a child gate or a locked door. Common sense also comes into play here. If something looks dangerous, it probably is. Make the house safe for the child before brining it home.

4. Depending on the age of the child, the child’s past is a strong thing to consider. Babies don’t have many memories, but do have habits. Try to keep the habits and the baby’s routine as similar as possible. In older children, there is a lot more to consider such favorite foods, favorite games, if they had a bed time story read to them. It could be anything. Learn as much about the child’s past as possible to make the transition easier for an adopted child into a new home. The adopted child is already going through a traumatic experience by changing homes and family, try to make it go as smoothly as possible.

5. It is not just the adopted child that parents need to consider. If there are other children already in the home, parents have to think about their feelings as well. This is a new and exciting time for the whole family, however, other children could feel left out if they are not part of the process. Talk to the other children and get their feelings on having an adopted child in the house. Ask them what they could do to make the baby feel welcome. Give them tasks such helping change a baby’s diaper, showing them a new game or picking out new clothes to make them feel involved.

As the process goes along you may find there are other things that need to be changed to prepare the home for an adopted child. These are not ground rules when it comes to bringing in an adoptive child, but it is a great place to start.

Baby Bassinet Shower Invitations Announcements Cards: Baby bassinet with a baby inside decorates this baby shower invitation baby boys or a girls. For twins use two bassinets or for triplets we will add three bassinets

Baby Bib Shower Invitations Announcements Cards: Baby shower invitations announcements cards with a bib shown

Baby Blocks Shower Invitations Announcements Cards: Baby shower invitations with ABC and 123 blocks for both baby boys and girls

Baby Bottle Shower Invitations Announcements Cards: Baby shower announcements shaped like a baby bottle

Baby Carriage Shower Invitations: Baby shower invitations with baby carriages can be used for a baby boy or a girl, twins or three carriages for triplets

Baby Shower “baby” Invitations Announcements Cards: Baby shower cards with actual photos or pictures of babies or clip art pictures of babies. If you know the sex of the baby, make it a baby boy or baby girl on the baby shower invitations

Stork Baby Shower Invitations: These are always a favorite! Baby shower invitations with a stork. We have several cute baby shower cards that have a picture of a stork delivering a baby or with cute wording ideas

Baby Items Shower Announcements Cards: Baby shower cards with multiple baby items (bib, burp cloth, diapers, basket with towels, etc.) to signify the baby shower is coming. These are available in “blue” or “pink” to signify the sex of the baby

Cute Animals Baby Shower Cards: Baby shower announcements with a furry teddy bear or butterflies are always nice

Baby Shoes Shower Invitations: Baby shower cards with baby shoes are one of the best selling baby shower cards, since they are so small and signify a new baby is on the way or already here.

Cute and original baby shower invitations are a great way to set the tone for your baby shower, and they also provide a reminder for the guests to put on their bulletin boards. You can view lot of printable custom Baby Shower Announcements, Baby Shower Invitations and Baby Shower Cards, add your personal message, along with your favorite fonts, ink color and then Preview your personalized baby card. This process allows you to see your baby card before you buy!